Factual Presentation
Free Trade Agreement between the United Kingdom and New Zealand
(Goods and Services)
Report by
the Secretariat
This report, prepared for the consideration of the Free
Trade Agreement between the United Kingdom and
New Zealand, has been drawn up by the WTO
Secretariat on its own responsibility and in full consultation with the
Parties. The factual presentation reproduces as closely as possible the
terminology used in the Agreement and in the comments provided and does not
imply official endorsement or acceptance by the Secretariat of such
terminology. The report has been drawn up in accordance with the rules and
procedures contained in the Decision for a Transparency Mechanism for Regional
Trade Agreements (WT/L/671) and thus does not imply any value judgement by the
Secretariat regarding the contents of the Agreement.
Any technical questions arising from this report may be addressed to Alberto Osnago (tel: + 41 22 739 6969). Any statistical
questions arising from this report may be addressed to Rowena
Cabos (tel: +41 22 739 5185) and Pamela Bayona (tel: + 41 22 739 5529).
Table
of Contents
1 Trade
Environment............................................................................................ 5
2 Characteristic Elements of the Agreement............................................ 11
2.1
Background information......................................................................................... 11
2.2
Structure of the Agreement.................................................................................... 11
3 Provisions on trade in Goods.................................................................... 12
3.1
Import duties and charges, and quantitative restrictions......................................... 12
3.1.1
General provisions.............................................................................................. 12
3.1.2
Liberalization of trade and tariff lines.................................................................. 13
3.1.3
Liberalization schedule........................................................................................ 13
3.1.3.1
New Zealand.................................................................................................... 13
3.1.3.2
United Kingdom............................................................................................... 14
3.1.4
Tariff rate quotas................................................................................................ 15
3.2
Rules of origin....................................................................................................... 15
3.3
Export duties and charges, and quantitative restrictions......................................... 16
3.4
Regulatory provisions on trade in goods................................................................. 17
3.4.1
Standards........................................................................................................... 17
3.4.1.1
Sanitary and phytosanitary measures.............................................................. 17
3.4.1.2
Technical barriers to trade............................................................................... 17
3.4.2
Safeguard mechanisms....................................................................................... 18
3.4.2.1
Global safeguards............................................................................................ 18
3.4.2.2
Bilateral safeguards......................................................................................... 19
3.4.2.3
Special safeguards........................................................................................... 19
3.4.3
Anti-dumping and countervailing measures......................................................... 19
3.4.4
Subsidies and state-aid....................................................................................... 20
3.4.5
Customs-related procedures............................................................................... 20
3.4.6
Other regulations................................................................................................ 21
3.5
Sector-specific provisions on trade in goods........................................................... 21
3.5.1
Animal welfare.................................................................................................... 21
4 Provisions on Trade in Services................................................................ 21
4.1
Scope and definitions............................................................................................. 21
4.2
Denial of benefits................................................................................................... 22
4.3
General provisions on trade in services.................................................................. 22
4.3.1
Market access..................................................................................................... 22
4.3.2
National treatment and MFN............................................................................... 22
4.3.3
Commercial (local) presence............................................................................... 23
4.3.4
Performance requirements.................................................................................. 23
4.3.5
Senior Management and Boards of Directors....................................................... 23
4.3.6
Movement of natural persons.............................................................................. 23
4.4
Liberalization commitments.................................................................................... 25
4.4.1
New Zealand....................................................................................................... 25
4.4.1.1
MFN and horizontal commitments.................................................................... 25
4.4.1.2
Sector specific commitments............................................................................ 25
4.4.2
United Kingdom.................................................................................................. 29
4.4.2.1
MFN and horizontal commitments.................................................................... 29
4.4.2.2
Sector specific commitments............................................................................ 30
4.5
Regulatory provisions............................................................................................ 34
4.5.1
Domestic regulation............................................................................................ 34
4.5.2
Recognition......................................................................................................... 34
4.5.3
Subsidies............................................................................................................ 34
4.5.4
Safeguards......................................................................................................... 35
4.5.5
Other.................................................................................................................. 35
4.5.5.1
Investment...................................................................................................... 35
4.6
Sector specific provisions on trade in services........................................................ 35
4.6.1
Professional services........................................................................................... 35
4.6.2
Express delivery services.................................................................................... 36
4.6.3
International maritime transport services............................................................ 36
4.6.4
Financial services................................................................................................ 37
4.6.5
Telecommunications services.............................................................................. 37
5 General Provisions of the Agreement...................................................... 38
5.1
Transparency......................................................................................................... 38
5.2
Current payments and capital movements.............................................................. 38
5.3
Exceptions............................................................................................................. 38
5.3.1
General exceptions............................................................................................. 38
5.3.2
Security exceptions............................................................................................. 39
5.3.3
Safeguards for balance of payments reasons....................................................... 39
5.3.4
Taxation............................................................................................................. 39
5.4
Accession and withdrawal...................................................................................... 39
5.5
Institutional framework.......................................................................................... 39
5.6
Dispute settlement................................................................................................. 40
5.7
Relationship with other agreements concluded by the parties................................. 41
5.8
Government procurement...................................................................................... 43
5.9
Intellectual property rights..................................................................................... 43
5.10
Competition......................................................................................................... 45
5.11
State-owned enterprises...................................................................................... 45
5.12
Environment........................................................................................................ 47
5.13
Labour................................................................................................................. 48
5.14
Electronic commerce............................................................................................ 48
5.15
Small and medium-sized enterprises.................................................................... 49
5.16
Gender................................................................................................................ 49
5.17
Other................................................................................................................... 50
5.17.1
Consumer protection......................................................................................... 50
5.17.2
Good regulatory practice................................................................................... 50
5.17.3
Māori trade and economic cooperation.............................................................. 50
5.17.4
Trade and development.................................................................................... 51
5.17.5
Anti-Corruption................................................................................................. 51
Annex 1...................................................................................................................... 52
Annex 2...................................................................................................................... 57