Report on the implementation of article 66.2
of the TRIPS agreement
Australia
The following communication, dated 26 September 2023, from the delegation of Australia, is being circulated pursuant to
paragraph 1 of the Decision on Implementation of Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement
(document _IP/C/28).
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1 OVERVIEW
1. Australia is committed to implementing Article 66.2 of the TRIPS
Agreement. Australia is also committed to sharing information with other WTO
Members about incentives and support it offers enterprises and institutions to
promote and encourage technology transfer to least developed country Members
(LDCs).
2. This is a full report in respect of Article 66.2 which builds upon
annual update reports provided in 2012 (document _IP/C/W/580/Add.2), 2013 (document _IP/C/W/594/Add.7), 2014 (document _IP/C/W/602), 2015 (document _IP/C/W/611/Add.4),
2016 (document _IP/C/W/616/Add.1), 2017 (document _IP/C/W/631/Add.1/Rev.1), 2018 (document _IP/C/W/646/Add.2), 2019 (document _IP/C/W/656/Add.3), 2020 (document _IP/C/R/TTI/AUS/1), 2021 (document _IP/C/R/TTI/AUS/2) and 2022 (document _IP/C/R/TTI/AUS/3). It is submitted in accordance with the TRIPS Council's
decision of 20 February 2003 on implementation of Article 66.2 of the TRIPS
Agreement (document _IP/C/28). Consistent with that decision, developed country
Members are to provide annual reports on actions taken or planned in pursuance
of their Article 66.2 commitments. The report focuses on incentives that are
either targeted specifically at LDCs or at a group of countries which includes
an LDC.
3. In this report, technology transfer is taken to include training,
education and the dissemination of knowledge, as well as the intellectual
property embedded in transferred goods and services and the dissemination of
business information and know-how on which a product, process or service is
based.
4. This report focuses on Australia's efforts to help LDCs create the
conditions essential to encourage technology transfer. Technical cooperation in
favour of least developed and developing countries to facilitate the TRIPS
Agreement's implementation is another discrete obligation, on which Australia
reports separately. Australia recognises that some technical cooperation
activities may help to create an environment conducive to the creation or
acquisition of technologies.
5. In Australia, many incentives for technology transfer take the form
of official development assistance (ODA). These incentives align with Australia's
strategic focus on using aid as a catalyst to promote sustainable economic
growth and poverty reduction. Since 2012, Australia has provided AUD 5.8
million of aid for trade funding to the Australia-World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO) Funds in Trust (FiT) program, to assist technology and
knowledge transfer to least-developed and developing countries in the
Indo-Pacific region. The third phase of this program (FiT3) concluded in March
2022. The Australian Government is currently considering funding a further
phase of the program, (FiT4), which would build on previous themes,
continuing support for a range of intellectual property (IP) capacity building
activities to: help establish national IP systems; support accession to
WIPO-administered treaties; assist development of legal frameworks and
infrastructure for effective knowledge transfer, especially to assist
marginalised groups; and increase access to educational materials for the
visually impaired. In March 2022, the activities under FiT3 were completed.
There were delays and postponement of activities due to global COVID-19 health
concerns and subsequent travel restrictions. Development of a judicial toolkit
on IP adjudication ('IP benchbook') for judges and judicial officers directed
to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has begun. The IP
benchbook is intended to be an important judicial resource, serving as a core
element of future judicial capacity building programs for judges and judicial
officers.
6. Enterprises and institutions eligible for funding to deliver
projects and activities to facilitate technology transfer include government
agencies and public institutions, non-government organisations, independent
consultants and experts, and universities and research organisations.
7. Australian aid has been untied since 2006, allowing non-Australian
organisations to bid for contracts to supply goods and services under bilateral
and multilateral development assistance programmes. Untied aid helps ensure
activities represent value for money, are cost-effective and attract the
best-available global expertise, thereby achieving the best development
results. Consistent with this, Australia's aid-funded incentives for technology
transfer are not restricted to Australian institutions and enterprises.
8. Australia recognises that LDC Members are interested in the outcomes
of technology transfer activities. This report's annex includes specific
examples of relevant programs and projects in the format suggested by LDCs
(document _IP/C/W/561), including work done to deliver safe, effective and
accessible COVID-19 immunisation programs.