United States - Measures Affecting the Production and Sale of Clove Cigarettes - Report of the Panel

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Page

I.             INTRODUCTION.. 1

II.           FACTUAL ASPECTS. 1

A.           Introduction. 1

B.           The measure at issue. 2

C.           Factual Context. 4

1.            The United States' legislative regime for tobacco control 4

(a)          History of tobacco–control measures in the United States. 4

(b)          The scope of the FSPTCA.. 6

2.            The market for cigarettes in the United States. 7

3.            International efforts to curb smoking:  The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 8

III.         PARTIES' REQUESTS FOR FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 9

IV.         ARGUMENTS OF THE PARTIES. 10

V.           ARGUMENTS OF THE THIRD PARTIES. 10

VI.         INTERIM REVIEW... 10

A.           General. 10

B.           United States' comments on the interim report. 11

1.            Factual aspects. 11

2.            Whether Section 907(a)(1)(A) is inconsistent with Article 2.1 of the TBT Agreement 13

3.            Whether Section 907(a)(1)(A) is inconsistent with Article 2.2 of the TBT Agreement 18

4.            Whether the United States has acted inconsistently with Article 12.3 of the TBT Agreement 22

5.            Miscellaneous. 23

VII.       FINDINGS. 23

A.           Introduction. 23

B.           Order of analysis. 24

C.           Whether Section 907(a)(1)(A) is a "technical regulation" within the meaning of Annex 1.1 of the TBT Agreement. 27

1.            Arguments of the parties. 27

2.            Analysis by the Panel 27

(a)          Introduction. 27

(b)          The legal provision at issue. 28

(c)          Elements of the definition of a technical regulation. 28

(i)           First element:  Whether Section 907(a)(1)(A) applies to an "identifiable product or group of products"  28

(ii)          Second element: Whether Section 907(a)(1)(A) lays down one or more "product characteristics"  29

(iii)         Third element:  Whether compliance with the product characteristics is mandatory. 31

(d)          Conclusion