Carbon trading and energy-saving (or white certificate) trading systems are important and common policy tools for improving energy efficiency internationally.  However, energy conservation and carbon reduction are often two sides of the same coin. Therefore, when some countries promote carbon trading and energy conservation trading systems at the same time, there is a double counting problem.  That is, businesses can obtain energy savings and carbon emission reductions at the same time by executing an energy efficiency plan. It is equivalent to an energy-saving product being bought and sold twice in a row, resulting in an increase and waste in transaction costs, administrative costs and supervision costs.

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